First Round 2nd session Question
I. Buzzer Quiz
1. State the afferent nerve for baroreceptor reflex from the carotid sinus.
n Answer：Glossopharyngeal nerve
2. What is the name of the junction which seals adjacent epithelial cells?
n Answer：Tight junction
3. What is the name of the structure where pyramidal tract crosses to the opposite side?
n Answer：Medulla (oblongata)
4. What is the name of the layer of retina which constitutes sixth layer from the choroid side?
n Answer：Inner nuclear layer
5. In which structure is the center of light reflex located?
n Answer：Midbrain
6. What is the name of the hormone whose secretion increases during non-REM sleeping one hour after falling asleep?
n Answer：Growth hormone(GH)
7. Since free ion shows cytotoxicity, it binds with protein in blood. What is this protein called?
n Answer：Transferrin
8. What stage of cardiac cycle us shown as the period from A to B in the right figure?
n Answer：Isovolumic contraction (phase)
9. What is the name of the peptide hormone which is produced from granulosa cell by FSH and has negative feedback control to FSH formation in pituitary gland?
n Answer：Inhibin
n Comment：Estradiol is not correct because it is a steroid hormone.
10. What is the name of the mechanism which controls muscle tonus by discharge of γ motor nerve fiber during exercise?
n Answer：α-γ linkage
11. Melanocytes synthesize melanin by activation of enzymes by UVB. What amino acid serves as substrate for melanin synthesis?
n Answer：Tyrosine
12. What is the lesion in presbyopia?
n Answer：(crystalline) lens
13. What activates chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, proaminopeptidase contained in pancreatic juice?
n Answer：Trypsin
14. What is the tissue which secretes a component of external layer of tear film?
n Answer：Meibom gland
15. What is the name of exocrine mechanism for mammary gland?
n Answer：Apocrine secretion
16. Which vitamin is not contained sufficiently both in human milk and regular milk and often cause insufficiency in neonates?
n Answer：Vitamin K
17. Which coagulation factor makes fibrin polymer stable?
n Answer：No.ⅩⅢ coagulation factor
18. Which ion flows into inner hair cell through mechanical-dependent channels by sound stimulation?
n Answer：Potassium
n Comment：There is an abundant potassium in endolymph of the inner ear, which helps us understand the mechanism of depolarization of inner hair cell.
19. What abnormal formation is occurred to DNA by irradiating UV?
n Answer：Pyrimidine dimers
n Comment：patient with xeroderma pigmentosum cannot fix this abnormal DNA chain.
20. Macrophage uptakes oxidated LDL through Scavenger receptors. What is the name of macrophage which accumulates cholesterol?
n Answer：Foam cell
n Comment：Foam cell and deposition of cholesterol to vascular wall induce secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which proliferates smooth muscle of tunica media and endothelium and creates plaque.
II. Flip Quiz
1. Arrange the visual pathway correctly from retina to primary visual area.
※ Some of the following are not included in the pathway.
① Lateral geniculate body
② Optic nerve
③ Oculomotor nerve
④ Optic tract
⑤ Optic radiation
⑥ Edinger-Westphal nucleus
n Answer：② → ④ → ① → ⑤
2. Choose 3 of the following that are the target of protein kinase.
① Serine
② Valine
③ Threonine
④ Tryptophan
⑤ Methionine
⑥ Alanine
⑦ Cysteine
⑧ Tyrosine
n Answer：①・③・⑧
3. Mention the changes in postmenopausal women comparing with before menopause.
① Estrogen
② FSH・LH
③ LDL
④ Bone density
n Answer：① Decreased ② Increased ③ Increased ④ Decreased
n Comment：
② FSH · LH tends to increase with the release of Feedback inhibition due to estrogen reduction.
③ Estrogen promotes expression of LDL receptor. Therefore, dyslipidemia tends to occur after menopause.
4. State the substances which cause following ① to ③ gustation.
Ø Acidic taste --- ( ① )
Ø Salty taste --- Na+
Ø Sweet taste --- ( ② )
Ø Bitter taste --- Bitter substance
Ø Umami --- ( ③ )
n Answer：① H+ (acid) ② Glucose ③ Glutamate
5. The following figure shows citric acid cycle. Fill up the blanks ① to ③. 【Picture is deleted】
n Answer： ① Oxaloacetate(Oxaloacetic acid) ② α-ketoglutarate(α-ketoglutaric acid)
③ Succinate(Succinic acid)
6. Choose 3 of the following that rises in hyperthyroidism.
① Heart rate
② Diastolic blood pressure
③ Thyroxine
④ TSH
⑤ Weight
⑥ ALP
n Answer：①・③・⑥
III.Time Attack
①
1. Increase in extracellular fluid can be caused by decrease in serum albumin.
n Answer：True
2. mRNA maturation requires removal of exons by “Splicing”
n Answer：False
3. Capillary vessels are the main components of vascular resistance.
n Answer：False
4. Injection of heparin can cause bleeding tendency.
n Answer：True
5. At the time of urination the pontine micturition center (PMC) excites the Onuf nucleus in the spinal cord.
n Answer：False
6. Respiratory failure with 65 mmHg of PaCO2 is type I.
n Answer：False
7. Which of the following substances is not produced from tyrosine?
P) Dopamine
Q) Adrenaline
R) Melanin
S) Serotonin
n Answer：S
8. In which phase of action potential will the electrolyte that binds troponin flow into the cardiac muscle?
P) Phase0
Q) Phase1
R) Phase2
S) Phase3
n Answer：R
9. Which is the cell that makes up the myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system?
P) Schwann cell
Q) Ependymal cell
R) Microglia
S) Oligodendroglia
n Answer：P
10. Which of the following structures’ disorder is the cause of cataract?
P) Crystalline lens
Q) Cornea
R) Ciliary body
S) Vitreous body
n Answer：P
11. Which of the following medicines reinforces the effect of incretin?
P) Biguanide
Q) DPP-4 inhibitor
R) Thiazolidinedione
S) Sulfonylurea compound
n Answer:：Q
12. Which of the following nerves conducts gustation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
P) Hypoglossal nerve
Q) Lingual nerve
R) Glossopharyngeal nerve
S) Cord of tympanum
n Answer：R
13. Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones increases due to disorder of hypothalamus?
P) GH
Q) TSH
R) ACTH
S) PRL
n Answer：S
14. What are the luxury goods considered to be a risk factor for COPD?
n Answer：Smoking (cigarette)
15. What is the enzyme that converts lactic acid and pyruvic acid?
n Answer：Lactate dehydrogenase (lactate dehydrogenase: LDH)
16. What is the dendritic cell present in the skin tissue?
n Answer：Langerhans cell
17. What is the name of the system that conducts the action potential generated in the sinoatrial node to the whole myocardium?
n Answer：(excitatory and) conductive system
18. What is the neurotransmitter of sympathetic preganglionic fibers?
n Answer：acetylcholine
19. What is the vitamin which is deficient in rickets?
n Answer：Vitamin D
20. What is the ligand that binds to and activates the receptor?
n Answer：agonist
②
1. The half-life of albumin is approximately 20 days.
n Answer：True
2. Insulin is synthesized in the liver.
n Answer：False
3. The first heart sound is composed of the closure of atrioventricular valves.
n Answer：True
4. The oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin draws an S-shaped curve.
n Answer：True
5. Chronic renal failure generally results in metabolic acidosis.
n Answer：True
n Comment：In chronic renal failure, the discharge of hydrogen ions into urine will not function normally, so it will be metabolic acidosis.
6. Romberg signs is positive with cerebellar ataxia.
n Answer：False
7. Which metabolic pathway is promoted by insulin?
P) Fatty acid synthesis
Q) Glycogenolysis
R) Gluconeogenesis
S) Lipolysis
n Answer：P
8. Which of the following blood vessels branches directly from the aorta?
P) Splenic artery
Q) Gastroepiploic artery
R) Superior mesenteric artery
S) Internal iliac artery
n Answer：R
9. Which cranial nerve does not pass through the superior orbital fissure?
P) Optic nerve
Q) Oculomotor nerve
R) Trochlear nerve
S) Abducent nerve
n Answer：P
10. Which of the following combines with intracellular free Ca?
P) Myosin
Q) Troponin C
R) Actin
S) Tropomyosin
n Answer: Q
11. Which of the following substances produced in lungs has vasoconstrictive action?
P) Endothelin
Q) NO
R) Prostacyclin
S) Histamine
n Answer: P
12. Which of the following nucleus contains cholinergic nerve fiber?
P) Globus pallidus
Q) Basal nucleus of Meynert
R) Locus ceruleus
S) Substantia nigra
n Answer: Q
n Comment：Globus pallidus: GABA/ Locus ceruleus: noradrenalin/ Substantia nigra: Dopamine
13. Which of the following diseases causes elevation of serum TSH?
P) Basedow disease
Q) Subacute thyroiditis
R) Plummer disease
S) Chronic thyroiditis
n Answer: S
14. What are the cells that produce acid through bone resorption?
n Answer：Osteoclast
15. What is the neurotransmitter of α motor neurons?
n Answer：acetylcholine
16. What substances are regenerated in the Roman reaction in skeletal muscle?
n Answer：ATP
17. What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
n Answer：Mitral valve
18. What is the neurotransmitter of projection fibers from the substantia nigra to the striatum?
n Answer：Dopamine
19. What is the hormone secreted from the globular zone of the adrenal cortex?
n Answer：Aldosterone
20. Complement or antibody promotes phagocytosis. What is this effect called?
n Answer：Opsonization action
③
1. The concentration of extracellular Magnesium is higher than that of intracellular.
n Answer：False
2. Vitamin E is lipid soluble.
n Answer：True
3. Atrioventricular valves close during isovolumetric contraction.
n Answer：True
4. Meissner corpuscle senses pain.
n Answer：False
5. If Factor VII activity decreases, PT is normal but APTT is prolonged.
n Answer：False
6. Metabolic acidosis manifests in Fanconi syndrome.
n Answer：True
7. Which vitamin is water- soluble?
P) Vitamin A
Q) Vitamin C
R) Vitamin E
S) Vitamin K
n Answer：Q
8. Which of the following cells secretes cholecystokinin?
P) I cell
Q) M cell
R) B cell
S) C cell
n Answer：P
9. Which cranial nerves is not related to eye movements?
P) Oculomotor nerve
Q) Trigeminal nerve
R) Abducent nerve
S) Trochlear nerve
n Answer：Q
10. Which of the following is released from vascular endothelial cells and causes vasoconstriction?
P) Noradrenaline
Q) PCI2
R) Serotonin
S) Endothelin
n Answer: S
11. Which of the following breath sounds is heard when alveolus which reduction of compliance makes the alveolus wall hard?
P) Coarse crackle
Q) Fine crackle
R) Rhonchi
S) Wheezes
n Answer: Q
12. Which of the following regions doesn’t compose pyramidal tract?
P) Internal capsule
Q) Globus pallidus
R) Spinal cord
S) Cerebral peduncle
n Answer: Q
13. Which of the following substances is released from fat cell and inhibits fibrinolytic system?
P) Leptin
Q) Adiponectin
R) TNF-α
S) PAI-1
n Answer：S
14. What is the dominant nerve of the major psoas muscle?
n Answer：Femoral nerve
15. How many percent of NaCl is included in the physiological saline solution used for humans?
n Answer：0.9%
16. What is the substrate for GABA synthesis?
n Answer：Glutamic acid
17. Which cells act as NK cells in the sinusoids?
n Answer：Pit cell
18. What is the hole in the atrial septum at fetal stage?
n Answer：Foramen ovale
19. Which organ produces erythropoietin?
n Answer：kidney
20. A stop codon inserted by DNA sequence mutation is called?
n Answer：Nonsense mutation
④
1. Acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions are muscarinic.
n Answer：False
2. SRY gene is necessary for sexual development to be male.
n Answer：True
3. Peyer’s patches are mainly found in the duodenum.
n Answer：False
4. The blind spots of Mariotte are located at ear sides in the visual fields.
n Answer：True
n Comment：The blind spot of Mariotte is small portion of the visual field of each eye that corresponds to the position of the optic disk within the retina. The blind spot of the eye is located to the ear side of the center of vision because the optic disk is located at the nasal side within the retina.
5. Fibrinogen is directly activated by Factor X.
n Answer：False
n Comment：Fibrinogen is directly activated by thrombin.
6. Total excision of the stomach causes iron deficiency anemia.
n Answer：True
7. Which of the following lipoproteins has the largest proportion of TG among the constituents?
P) VLDL
Q) LDL
R) Chiromicron
S) IDL
n Answer：R
8. Which of the following protects the stomach?
P) Gastrin
Q) Histamine
R) Insulin
S) Prostaglandin
n Answer：S
9. Which is the correct action of oxytocin?
P) Promotion of dopamine secretion
Q) Suppression of the uterine smooth muscle contraction
R) Milk ejection
S) Promotion of lactation
n Answer：R
10. Which of the following vessels contains blood with lowest oxygen partial pressure in fetal circulation?
P) Umbilical vein
Q) venous duct
R) Arterial duct
S) Umbilical artery
n Answer: S
11. Which of the following is diagnosed when the patient’s vital capacity is 70% and the FEV1 is 90%?
P) Obstructive defect
Q) Mixed defect
R) Restrictive defect
S) Normal
n Answer: R
12. Which of the following reflection is normal reflex in infant at 11 months after birth?
P) Sucking reflex
Q) Moro reflex
R) Palm grasp reflex
S) Babinski reflex
n Answer:：S
n Comment： Babinski reflex is normal in infant at 2 years after birth because of undevelopment of pyramidal tract.
13. Which of the following hemoglobin appears in a patient with at sickle cell disease?
P) HbA
Q) HbF
R) HbS
S) HbH
n Answer：R
14. What are the major antagonistic muscles in patellar tendon reflex?
n Answer：Femoral biceps (hamstring)
15. What is the complex of porphyrin ring and iron?
n Answer：Heme
16. What is the surface antibody of B cells produced in the primary immune response?
n Answer：IgM
17. What is the gastrointestinal hormone that promotes the secretion of pancreatic enzymes?
n Answer：Cholecystokinin (CCK)
18. What is the nerve being impaired in the patient who cannot dorsalize the hand?
n Answer：Radial nerve
19. What are the cell components of blood derived from megakaryocytes?
n Answer：platelet
20. What is called a glycosaminoglycan bound to the core protein?
n Answer：Proteoglycan
⑤
1. Albumin is the main substance maintaining intravascular osmotic pressure.
n Answer：False
n Comment：Intravascular osmotic pressure is mainly maintained by sodium ions.
2. At the time of starvation, the brain uses fatty acid as an energy substrate in addition to sugar.
n Answer：False
n Comment：Fatty acids cannot cross the blood brain barrier. For this reason, the brain uses ketone bodies during starvation.
3. The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.
n Answer：True
4. Rod cells are related to sensation of colors.
n Answer：False
5. It is difficult for a patient with subthalamic nuclear disorder to start and stop the motion smoothly.
n Answer：True
6. Beta blockers are effective for the prevention of coronary vasospastic angina.
n Answer：False
7. Which organ is peripheral lymphoid organ?
P) Spleen
Q) Thymus
R) Bone marrow
S) Skeletal muscle
n Answer：P
8. Which of the following muscles does not participate in respiratory movement?
P) Platysma muscle
Q) External intercostal muscle
R) Diaphragm
S) Internal intercostal muscle
n Answer：P
9. Which hormone is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland?
P) ACTH
Q) ADH
R) PRL
S) FSH
n Answer：Q
10. Which of the following ovarian follicle has zona pellucida for the first time?
P) Primordial follicle
Q) Primary follicle
R) Secondary follicle
S) Mature follicle
n Answer： Q
11. Which of the following symptoms develops at the earliest in a patient with dementia of Alzheimer?
P) Memory disturbance
Q) Executive function disorders
R) Parkinsonism
S) Constructional apraxia
n Answer：P
n Comment： Memory disturbance isn’t remarkable at dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia
12. Which of the following channels participates in action potential phase 1 of ordinary cardiac muscle?
P) Voltage-dependent K channel
Q) Voltage-dependent Na channel
R) Voltage-dependent Ca channel
S) Ligand-dependent Na channel
n Answer: P
13. Which of the following pathophysiological condition is caused by renovascular hypertension?
P) Secondary hyperthyroidism
Q) Secondary aldosteronism
R) Increase of adrenalin in blood
S) Cushing syndrome
n Answer: Q
14. How many human cervical vertebrae do you have?
n Answer：7
15. What is the metabolic system that exists in the liver and detoxifies ammonia?
n Answer：Urea cycle
16. What is the structure in which deoxyribose or ribose is N-glycosidically bound to a base called?
n Answer：Nucleoside
17. Which organ produces angiotensinogen?
n Answer：Liver
18. What is the cell which secretes surfactant in the lung?
n Answer：Type II alveolar epithelial cells
19. What is the vitamin which is deficient in Wernicke's encephalopathy?
n Answer：Vitamin B1
20. Which organ mainly produces thrombopoietin (TPO)?
n Answer：Liver